LGBT Community

View grants by year:

All Years

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

All listed grants: $7,005,914.30

ACLU Foundation of Southern California

http://www.aclu-sc.org

Los Angeles, CA

$5,000.00 - Reception (Feb. 22, 2007)

$30,000.00/year for 2 years - LGBT Rights Project (May. 17, 2006)

$5,000.00 - 2002 Law Luncheon (Oct. 18, 2002)

$50,000.00/year for 5 years - David Bohnett Fellow (Feb. 13, 2000)

$5,000.00 - (Dec. 29, 1999)

Astraea Foundation

http://www.astraea.org

New York, NY

$25,000.00/year for 2 years - Communications/General Support (Nov. 15, 2002)

Bike Out

http://www.bikeout.org

Santa Monica, CA

$20,000.00 - Bike Out Wilderness Program and Youth Services (Sep. 16, 2005)

$20,000.00 - 1) General Operating Support; 2) One-time Bike Out Recyclery Used Bike Shop Support (Aug. 20, 2004)

$20,000.00 - Bike Out Programs (Aug. 29, 2003)

$10,000.00 - Bike Out (Jun. 28, 2002)

$5,000.00 - General Operating Support (May. 21, 2001)

Boston GLASS Community Center / JRI Health

http://www.bostonglass.org

Boston, MA

$12,222.00 - Computer Lab & Training Component (Jun. 28, 2002)

California Safe Schools Coalition / Tides Center

San Francisco, CA

$25,000.00 - Community Organizing Project (Dec. 3, 2004)

Californians For Civil Marriage

http://www.civilmarriage.org

San Francisco, CA

$15,000.00 - (May. 2, 2002)

Center for Policy Alternatives

http://www.cfpa.org

Washington, DC

$25,000.00 - State Leadership Development Circle: GLBT Equality Project (May. 17, 2007)

Children of Lesbian and Gays Everywhere

http://www.colage.org

San Francisco, CA

$20,000.00 - Youth Leadership and Media Advocacy (Apr. 30, 2004)

$10,000.00 - Youth Leadership and Media Communications (Apr. 25, 2003)

$15,000.00 - Request for general operating support. (Jan. 31, 2002)

$20,000.00 - General Operating Support (Aug. 24, 2000)

Compass

http://www.compassglcc.com

West Palm Beach, FL

$5,000.00 - (Nov. 18, 2005)

Congregation Kol Ami

http://www.Kol-Ami.org/

West Hollywood, CA

$2,500.00 - (Mar. 20, 2001)

$2,500.00 - Event sponsorship (Apr. 21, 2000)

District 202

http://www.dist202.org

Minneapolis, MN

$22,429.00 - District 202 Cyber Support (Nov. 10, 2006)

Duke University Center for LGBT Life

http://lgbt.studentaffairs.duke.edu

Durham, NC

$33,111.23 - Bohnett Cybercenter and Online Peer Education Program (Dec. 3, 2004)

Empire State Pride Agenda Foundation

http://www.prideagenda.org

New York, NY

$5,000.00 - Fall Dinner (Aug. 20, 2007)

$5,000.00 - Fall Dinner (Aug. 15, 2006)

Equal Partners In Faith

http://www.us.net/epf

Washington, DC

$10,000.00 - Seed funds (Aug. 24, 2000)

Equality California Institute

http://www.eqca.org

San Francisco, CA

$100,000.00 - Let California Ring Matching Grant (Dec. 28, 2007)

$10,000.00 - Let California Ring (Sep. 12, 2007)

$30,000.00 - California Media Project and Voter Identification Efforts (Sep. 16, 2005)

$25,000.00 - Family Media & Education/Voter ID Project (Apr. 30, 2004)

$10,000.00 - (Feb. 20, 2001)

Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute

http://www.adoptioninstitute.org

New York, NY

$66,666.67/year for 1.5 years - Adoption by Gays and Lesbians Policy Project (May. 17, 2006)

Fair Wisconsin Education Fund

http://www.actionwisconsin.org

Madison, WI

$5,000.00 - General Support (Jul. 18, 2007)

$20,000.00 - The Wisconsin Civil Marriage Equality Campaign (Aug. 20, 2004)

Family Pride Coalition

http://www.familypride.org

Washington, DC

$50,000.00/year for 2 years - OUT in 50 States (May. 17, 2007)

$2,500.00 - National Dinner Sponsorship (Oct. 4, 2006)

$2,500.00 - Family Pride 2005 National Dinner / Family Tree Award and Corp Comm. Resp. Award, Oct 8, 2005 (Aug. 29, 2005)

$2,500.00 - Family Tree Award - bronze level sponsor (Sep. 29, 2004)

$2,500.00 - Family Tree Award 2003 - Silver Sponsorship (Nov. 11, 2003)

$13,000.00 - Event honoring Chris Caldwell (Nov. 15, 2002)

$33,333.33/year for 3 years - General Operating Support (Jul. 26, 2001)

$10,000.00 - (May. 23, 2001)

$50,000.00 - Funding for the National Advocacy Program (Jan. 12, 2001)

$2,500.00 - (Oct. 18, 2000)

$50,000.00 - General Operating Support (Feb. 17, 2000)

$25,000.00 - (Aug. 13, 1999)

Friends of Northern Ireland Volunteer Trust

Washington, DC

$50,000.00 - Vital Voices Conference, April 2001 (Jan. 19, 2001)

Funders for Lesbian & Gay Issues

http://www.lgbtfunders.org

New York, NY

$5,000.00 - 2007 (Apr. 17, 2007)

$2,500.00 - 2006 Membership (Jun. 2, 2006)

$2,500.00 - 2005 Membership (Jan. 4, 2005)

$2,500.00 - 2004 Membership (Jan. 23, 2004)

$2,500.00 - 2003 Membership (Jan. 15, 2003)

$2,500.00 - Membership (Aug. 16, 2002)

Gay & Lesbian Adolescent Social Services

http://www.glassla.org

West Hollywood, CA

$2,500.00 - Casino Night (May. 24, 2007)

$10,000.00 - In honor of Betty Berzon. (Jan. 26, 2006)

$10,000.00 - In honor of Betty DeGeneres (Mar. 9, 2005)

$10,000.00 - GLASS dinner with Ellen Degeneres (May. 21, 2004)

Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders (GLAD)

http://www.glad.org

Boston, MA

$50,000.00 - Marriage Initiative & New England Outreach Initiative (Sep. 16, 2005)

$50,000.00 - Marriage Initiative (Aug. 20, 2004)

Gay & Lesbian Equality Network

http://www.glen.ie

Dublin,

$5,000.00 - Support for the NGLTF Creating Change conf in St. Louis (Oct. 22, 2004)

Gay & Lesbian Leadership Institute

http://www.victoryinstitute.org

Washington, DC

$20,000.00 - Harvard Fellowship Program (Apr. 30, 2007)

$20,000.00 - Harvard Fellowship Program (Jul. 10, 2006)

$10,300.00 - Harvard Fellowship Program (Jun. 7, 2005)

$2,748.90 - 'All Marriage is Local' sticker initiative (Jul. 12, 2004)

$50,000.00/year for 3 years - Project Break Through (Apr. 30, 2004)

$10,000.00 - Harvard Fellowship program (Jun. 10, 2003)

$2,500.00 - Harvard Fellowship Program (Jun. 7, 2002)

$25,000.00/year for 2 years - General operating support. (Jul. 26, 2001)

$20,000.00 - General Operating Support (Aug. 24, 2000)

Gay Super Bowl 7 / Out of Bounds

LIC, NY

$2,500.00 - Gay Super Bowl 7 NYC (Aug. 21, 2007)

Gay, Lesbian and Straight Educational Network

http://www.glsen.org

New York, NY

$5,000.00 - 2007 LA Respect Awards (Aug. 3, 2007)

$10,000.00 - 2006 Los Angeles Respect Awards (Jul. 17, 2006)

$2,500.00 - 2006 Respect Awards (Apr. 4, 2006)

$3,500.00 - Respect Awards (Jul. 22, 2005)

$50,000.00/year for 2 years - General Operating Support (Jun. 9, 2004)

$25,000.00/year for 3 years - General operating support. (Jul. 26, 2001)

$25,000.00/year for 2 years - General Operating Support (Aug. 24, 2000)

Gay-Straight Alliance Network / Tides Center

http://www.gsanetwork.org

San Francisco, CA

$25,000.00 - Southern California GSA Youth Leadership Project (May. 17, 2007)

GenderPac

http://www.gpac.org

Washington, DC

$25,000.00 - General Operating Expense (May. 17, 2007)

$40,000.00 - GenderYOUTH Network (Apr. 29, 2005)

$30,000.00 - n/a [Application is for General Operating Expense] (Aug. 20, 2004)

$20,000.00 - n/a [Application is for General Operating Expenses] (Aug. 29, 2003)

$15,000.00 - General Operating Expense. (Jun. 28, 2002)

$10,000.00 - General Operating Support (Aug. 24, 2000)

Gibson House Museum

http://www.thegibsonhouse.org

Boston, MA

$5,000.00 - Interior Designs: Charles Hammond Gibson Jr. and the Museum that Dare Not Speak Its Name (Apr. 29, 2005)

$2,500.00 - Catalogue the manuscript collection of Charles Hammond Gibson (Oct. 21, 2003)

Gill Operating Foundation

http://www.gillfoundation.org

Denver, CO

$100,000.00 - MAP - Movement Advancement Project (Jan. 23, 2007)

$50,000.00 - MAP - Movement Advancement Project (Apr. 18, 2006)

GLAAD

http://www.glaad.org

New York, NY

$25,000.00 - 2006 GLAAD Media Awards (Mar. 3, 2006)

$5,125.00 - 2004 GLAAD Media Awards (Jan. 14, 2004)

$100,000.00/year for 2 years - General Operating Support (Jul. 26, 2001)

$10,000.00 - Dr Laura Campaign (May. 1, 2000)

$250,000.00/year for 2 years - General Operating Support (Feb. 13, 2000)

$75,000.00 - (Dec. 22, 1999)

GroundSpark

http://www.groundspark.org

San Francisco, CA

$2,500.00 - (Jul. 21, 2000)

Habitat for Humanity Tucson

http://www.hfhtucson.org

Tucson, AZ

$5,000.00 - Rainbow Build Coalition (Apr. 29, 2005)

Horizons Foundation

http://www.horizonsfoundation.org

San Francisco, CA

$25,000.00 - Public education campaign to fight homophobia and its negative impact on youth (Jan. 12, 2001)

Human Rights Campaign

http://www.hrc.org

Washington, DC

$50,000.00/year for 2 years - HBCU Organizing Project (May. 17, 2006)

$2,500.00 - (Feb. 9, 2006)

$10,000.00 - HRC 2002 Los Angeles Gala (Jan. 1, 2002)

$2,500.00 - (Dec. 28, 2000)

Human Rights Watch, Inc.

http://www.hrw.org

Los Angeles, CA

$10,000.00 - LGBT Rights Project (Nov. 7, 2005)

$10,000.00 - (Jun. 25, 2003)

$2,500.00 - International Gay & Lesbian Project (Jan. 26, 2000)

In The Life Media, Inc.

http://www.inthelifetv.org

New York, NY

$50,000.00 - In the Life (May. 17, 2007)

$30,000.00 - High Resolution Digital Video Suite (May. 17, 2006)

International Gay & Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC)

http://www.iglhrc.org

New York, NY

$20,000.00 - Building Public Support for Global LGBT Issues (Sep. 16, 2005)

$20,000.00 - General operating support (Jan. 12, 2001)

KUSP 88.9 FM

Santa Cruz, CA

$2,500.00 - (Jul. 14, 2000)

Lambda Cycling Foundation Inc

http://www.lambdacycling.org

Wilton Manors, FL

$5,000.00 - Support For Cyclist (Jan. 7, 2008)

Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Inc.

http://www.lambdalegal.org

New York, NY

$10,000.00 - Liberty Awards 2007 (Sep. 14, 2007)

$50,000.00 - Marriage Equality Campaign (May. 17, 2006)

$50,000.00 - Marriage Equality Campaign (Apr. 29, 2005)

$50,000.00 - Marriage Equality Campaign (Dec. 5, 2003)

$5,000.00 - RE: Marriage Conultant Project Funding (Jul. 2, 2002)

$25,000.00 - Hire Regional Director in LA Office & create Outreach Initiative (May. 12, 2000)

Lavender Youth Recreation & Information Center (LYRIC)

San Francisco, CA

$5,000.00 - General Operating Support (Aug. 24, 2000)

Lesbian, Gay , Bisexual & Transgender Community Center

http://www.gaycenter.org

New York, NY

$5,000.00 - Dancing on the Beach 7 (Jul. 10, 2007)

$5,000.00 - Richard Burns' 20th Anniversary Celebration (Nov. 13, 2006)

$5,000.00 - Dancing on the Beach (Jul. 10, 2006)

$5,000.00 - Dancing on the Beach 2005 - President's Circle (Jul. 14, 2005)

$5,000.00 - Dancing on the Beach (Jul. 12, 2004)

LGBT Labor Leadership Initiative

http://www.prideatwork.org

Washington, DC

$25,000.00 - Media Outreach Project (Nov. 10, 2006)

$25,000.00 - Media Outreach Project (Apr. 29, 2005)

Liberty Education Forum

http://www.libertyeducationforum.org

Washington, DC

$5,000.00 - Frank Kameny Collection (Oct. 23, 2007)

$2,500.00 - A Tribute to Patrick Guerriero (Oct. 18, 2006)

Los Angeles 2006, Inc. (Gay Games)

Los Angeles, CA

$2,500.00 - General (Dec. 11, 2003)

Los Angeles Free Clinic

http://www.lafreeclinic.org

Los Angeles, CA

$25,000.00 - Project Support (Aug. 24, 2000)

Los Angeles Gay & Lesbian Center

http://www.laglc.org

Los Angeles, CA

$22,748.47 - Silver Circle Dinner (Oct. 9, 2001)

$100,000.00/year for 3 years - General Operating Support (Jul. 26, 2001)

$275,000.00 - General Operating Funds (May. 11, 2001)

$2,500.00 - (Jan. 9, 2001)

$50,000.00 - Fulfillment of David Bohnett 1999 personal pledge (Aug. 4, 2000)

$275,000.00 - General Operating Support / Staff & Board Development (Feb. 13, 2000)

$50,000.00 - (Dec. 23, 1999)

MassEquality Education Fund c/o Freedom To Marry Foundation

http://www.ftmf.org

Boston, MA

$50,000.00 - MassEquality Public Education Campaign (Sep. 16, 2005)

Matthew Shepard Foundation

http://www.matthewshepard.org

Denver, CO

$10,500.00 - E-Race Hate (Feb. 27, 2008)

$10,000.00 - General Support (Jan. 15, 2008)

$2,500.00 - Leadership Council (Sep. 17, 2007)

Media Matters For America

Washington, DC

$20,000.00 - New Voices Training and Booking Project (Nov. 21, 2007)

Michael D. Palm Center

http://www.palmcenter.org/

Santa Barbara, CA

$25,000.00 - Research, Communications, and Military Outreach (Nov. 10, 2006)

$25,000.00 - Military Leaders Project (Sep. 16, 2005)

Milwaukee Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Community Center

http://www.mkelgbt.org

Milwaukee, WI

$19,101.68 - IBM Equipment Upgrade, 8 workstations (Apr. 20, 2005)

Miracle Mile Community Practice

Los Angeles, CA

$15,000.00 - Request for programmatic support of their school, agency and community based LGBT services. (Jan. 31, 2002)

$12,000.00 - (Mar. 20, 2001)

National Association of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Community Centers

http://www.lgbtcenters.org

Washington, DC

$25,000.00 - NALGBTCC General Operating Support (Aug. 20, 2004)

National Black Justice Coalition Inc

http://www.nbjc.org

Washignton, DC

$2,500.00 - New York City Power of Us Event (Jul. 24, 2007)

National Center for Lesbian Rights

http://www.nclrights.org

San Francisco, CA

$50,000.00/year for 2 years - LGBT Family Law and Marriage General Support (May. 17, 2007)

$50,000.00 - LGBT Marriage and Family Law General Support Request (May. 17, 2006)

$50,000.00 - LGBT Families & Youth General Support Request (Aug. 20, 2004)

$10,000.00 - Family and Youth Law: California Work, National Impact (Apr. 25, 2003)

$25,000.00 - General Operating Support (Aug. 24, 2000)

National Center for Transgender Equality

http://www.nctequality.org/

Washington, DC

$25,000.00 - General Operating Funds (Sep. 16, 2005)

National Lesbian & Gay Journalists Association (NLGJA)

http://www.nlgja.org

Washington, DC

$10,000.00 - General Operating Support/2003 Los Angeles National Convention (Apr. 25, 2003)

$25,000.00 - Request for a 3 year $300,000 grant for strategic development. (Jan. 31, 2002)

$25,000.00 - General Operating Funds (Jan. 12, 2001)

National Youth Advocacy Coalition

http://www.nyacyouth.org

Washington, DC

$20,000.00 - General Operating Funds (Jan. 12, 2001)

New York University Office of LGBT Student Services

http://www.nyu.edu/lgbt

New York, NY

$10,000.00 - Out for Undergraduate Business Conference 2006 (Aug. 16, 2006)

$10,000.00 - Out For Undergraduate Business Conference (Aug. 18, 2005)

One Institute & Archives

http://www.oneinstitute.org/

Los Angeles, CA

$2,500.00 - Request for (in unrestricted funds) underwriting of One's capacity building efforts, which includes the promotional media production and fund-raising efforts. (Jan. 31, 2002)

$5,000.00 - General Operating Support (Aug. 24, 2000)

Outfest

http://www.outfest.org

Los Angeles, CA

$50,000.00 - Outfest Legacy Project for LGBT Film Preservation (Nov. 10, 2006)

$113,000.00 - WORD IS OUT (Nov. 6, 2006)

$25,000.00 - General Operating Support and Legacy Film Preservation Project (Apr. 29, 2005)

$25,000.00 - General Operating Support (Apr. 30, 2004)

$15,000.00 - General Operating Support (Apr. 25, 2003)

$15,000.00 - Request for general operating support. (Jan. 31, 2002)

Paley Center for Media

http://www.mtr.org

Beverly Hills, CA

$5,000.00 - The History of Gay and Lesbian Portrayals on American Television (Feb. 12, 2004)

Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG)

http://www.pflag.org

Washington, DC

$20,000.00 - National Safe Schools Roundtable (Jul. 28, 2006)

$25,000.00 - Request for renewed support of the Families of Color Network. (deferred 9/8/01 until 1/31/02) (Jan. 31, 2002)

$25,000.00 - Fund the new PFLAG Families of Color Initiative (May. 12, 2000)

People for the American Way Foundation

http://www.pfaw.org

Washington, DC

$25,000.00 - General Operating Support - Protecting the Supreme Court (Apr. 29, 2005)

$5,300.00 - Event sponsorship (Jan. 21, 2000)

Pikes Peak Gay And Lesbian Community Center

http://www.ppglcc.org

Colorado Springs, CO

$19,352.68 - Drop-In Resource Center (May. 17, 2007)

Project 10

http://www.project10.org

Pasadena, CA

$20,000.00 - LGBT Antibias Project (Aug. 29, 2003)

$20,000.00 - General Operating Support (Aug. 24, 2000)

Proteus Fund

http://www.proteusfund.org

Amherst, MA

$150,000.00 - Civil Marriage Collaborative (Mar. 7, 2007)

$100,000.00 - Civil Marriage Collaborative (Aug. 15, 2005)

$100,000.00 - Civil Marriage Collaborative (Jun. 15, 2004)

Q Spirit

San Francisco, CA

$5,000.00 - Organizational development and capacity building (May. 12, 2000)

Servicemembers Legal Defense Network

http://www.sldn.org

Washington, DC

$35,000.00 - SLDN Legal Defense Fund (Apr. 29, 2005)

$35,000.00 - Legal Defense Fund (Apr. 30, 2004)

$20,000.00 - David Bohnett Foundation Paralegal Advocate and David Bohnett Foundation Online Legal Library Grant to the Legal Defense Fund (Apr. 25, 2003)

$20,000.00 - Request for salary and benefit support to hire an additional staff attorney for SLDN. (Jan. 31, 2002)

$3,000.00 - (Dec. 31, 2001)

$25,000.00 - (May. 12, 2000)

Soulforce Inc.

http://www.soulforce.org

Lynchburg, VA

$25,000.00 - The Equality Ride (May. 17, 2007)

$10,000.00 - Equality Ride 2007 (Mar. 15, 2007)

The Commercial Closet Association

http://www.commercialcloset.org

New York, NY

$20,000.00 - Development Director Hire (Sep. 16, 2005)

$25,000.00 - Commercial Closet Assn. - General Operating Funds (Aug. 20, 2004)

$15,000.00 - Commercial Closet (Apr. 25, 2003)

$15,000.00 - General Operating support and staff support for their development of a digital archive of LGBT commercials and print ads. (deferred 9/8/01 until 1/31/02) (Jan. 31, 2002)

The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force

http://www.thetaskforce.org/

West Hollywood, CA

$25,000.00 - General Operating Support (May. 17, 2007)

$2,500.00 - 16th Annual Los Angeles Leadership Awards (Oct. 10, 2005)

$50,000.00 - General Operations and Programs (Sep. 16, 2005)

$2,500.00 - 15th Annual Leadership Awards (Nov. 11, 2004)

$25,000.00 - General Operating Support (Apr. 30, 2004)

$2,500.00 - 14th Annual Leadership Awards on 9/28/03 (Oct. 21, 2003)

$10,000.00 - (Jul. 3, 2003)

$25,000.00 - Request for general operating support ($200,000 over 2 years) related to their west coast expansion efforts and for the purchase of grants management software ($35,000) (Jan. 31, 2002)

$25,000.00/year for 2 years - General Operating Support (Aug. 24, 2000)

The National Latina/o Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Organization

http://www.llego.org

Washington, DC

$25,000.00 - ACCIÓN LLEGÓ (Apr. 30, 2004)

Trevor Project

http://www.thetrevorproject.org

West Hollywood, CA

$10,000.00 - Labor Day LA (Aug. 17, 2007)

UCLA Center for Labor Research and Education

Los Angeles, CA

$15,000.00 - 2008 LGBTQ Labor Leadership School (Mar. 20, 2008)

$5,000.00 - LGBT Labor Leadership School (Jan. 27, 2006)

UCLA Lectureship for LA LGBT Community Organizing

Los Angeles, CA

$4,250.00 - Annual Lectureship (May. 21, 2004)

UCLA Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Campus Resource Center

http://www.lgbt.ucla.edu/

Los Angeles, CA

$15,877.68 - Providing Service Through Connection: The Cybernation of the UCLA LGBT Campus Resource Center (Apr. 30, 2004)

UCLA Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Studies

Los Angeles, CA

$5,000.00 - Los Angeles Queer Studies Conference (Mar. 28, 2007)

UCLA REGENTS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES

Los Angeles, CA

$50,000.00 - Endowed Fund for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Collections (Apr. 29, 2005)

USC Lambda Alumni Association

http://www.usc.edu/go/lambda

Los Angeles, CA

$5,000.00 - Scholarship Support (Feb. 13, 2000)

USC Sexual Orientation in the News Program

http://www.usc.edu/annenberg/soin

Los Angeles, CA

$35,000.00 - Program for Sexual Orientation Issues in the News (SOIN) (Apr. 30, 2004)

$25,000.00/year for 3 years - Sexual Orientation in the News (Jan. 12, 2001)

$10,000.00 - (Sep. 18, 1999)

WGBH Foundation Development

http://www.wgbh.org

Boston, MA

$25,000.00 - Postcards From Buster (Jul. 21, 2005)

Williams Institute

http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsproject

Los Angeles, CA

$10,000.00 - 7the Annual Update on Sexual Orientation Law & Public Policy (Jan. 4, 2008)

$23,347.66 - Williams Institute Dinner (Jun. 22, 2007)

$10,000.00 - Scholar's Circle for The Willams Institute Inauguration on February 24, 2005. (Dec. 21, 2005)

$2,500.00 - 2005 Annual book Party (Dec. 28, 2004)

Young People For (YP4)

http://www.youngpeoplefor.org

New York, NY

$100,000.00 - Young People For General Support (Mar. 15, 2007)